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In recent weeks, the global trade landscape has been significantly impacted by U.S. President Donald Trump’s “Liberation Day” tariffs, which have targeted numerous countries, including those in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China. Each country has reacted differently based on its economic relationship with the U.S., local industry concerns, and geopolitical considerations.

Update: On February 1, 2025, President Trump signed three executive orders imposing U.S. tariffs on imports from Canada, China, and Mexico. These new tariffs are in addition to any already-existing duties and tariffs, including antidumping and countervailing duties, Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, and Section 301 tariffs on Chinese-origin