Update: On February 1, 2025, President Trump signed three executive orders imposing U.S. tariffs on imports from Canada, China, and Mexico. These new tariffs are in addition to any already-existing duties and tariffs, including antidumping and countervailing duties, Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, and Section 301 tariffs on Chinese-origin

During her annual State of the European Union speech on 13 September 2023, the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, announced that “the Commission is launching an anti-subsidy investigation into electric vehicles coming from China.” An anti-subsidy measure (i.e., countervailing duties) is one of the trade defence instruments that a World Trade